Sangita Vyas is a development economist and demographer and an assistant professor of economics at Hunter College, City University of New York. She completed her PhD in economics at the University of Texas at Austin in 2022, and won the Population Association of America's Dorothy S. Thomas Award in 2021.

Her research focuses on population health, the environment and social inequality in India, including work on sanitation, cooking fuel, air pollution and the health effects of coal power. She is associated with r.i.c.e., a non-profit studying health in rural north India, and in 2026 co-authored a study finding that low fertility rates tend to keep falling rather than rebound.